In Java, a LinkedHashSet is a class that implements the Set interface and is based on a linked list data structure. It maintains the elements in the order they were added, and also provides fast access to the elements.
It is similar to a HashSet, but it also maintains a doubly-linked list running through all of its entries. This linked list defines the iteration order, which is normally the order in which elements were inserted into the set (insertion-order).
This class is useful if you want to maintain insertion order or access frequently because it provides O(1) the time complexity for insertion, search, and deletion operations.
Table of Contents
To create LinkedHashSet, we can use any of the below constructors such as:
LinkedHashSet()
It creates a new, empty linked hash set with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
LinkedHashSet(int initialCapacity)
It creates a new one with the specified initial capacity and the default load factor.
LinkedHashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor)
It creates a new inked hash set with the specified initial capacity and load factor as arguments.
LinkedHashSet(Collection<? extends E> c)
It creates a new linked hash set with the same elements as the specified collection.
In the code below, we created LinkedHashSet objects by using all the available constructors. You can check the below code and output.
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create empty set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
System.out.println(set);
// Create set with existing collection
Set<String> set2 = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One"));
System.out.println(set2);
// Create set with specified initial capacity
Set<String> set3 = new LinkedHashSet<>(20);
System.out.println(set3);
// Create set with initial capacity and load factor
Set<String> set4 = new LinkedHashSet<>(20,1);
System.out.println(set4);
}
}
Output:
[]
[One, Two, Three]
[]
[]
In Java, adding elements to a LinkedHashSet is done using the add() method. This method takes an object as a parameter and adds it to the set.
If the set already contains the element, the method will not add it again and will return false. Here is an example of how to add elements to a LinkedHashSet.
You can also add elements to a LinkedHashSet using the addAll() method, which takes a Collection as a parameter and adds all of its elements to the set.
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
System.out.println(set);
// Adding elements
set.add("One");
set.add("Two");
set.add("Three");
set.add("One");
System.out.println(set);
// Add all from existing collection
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Five","Six","Two");
set.addAll(list);
System.out.println(set);
}
}
Output:
[]
[One, Two, Three]
[One, Two, Three, Five, Six]
In Java, removing elements from a LinkedHashSet is done using the remove() method. This method takes an object as a parameter and removes it from the set, if it is present. If the set does not contain the element, the method will do nothing and return false. Here is an example of how to remove an element from a LinkedHashSet.
You can also remove elements of a LinkedHashSet using the removeIf() method, which is a functional method that takes a predicate as a parameter and removes all elements that match the predicate.
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
// Remove single element
set.remove("Three");
System.out.println(set);
// Remove element if string length is more than 5
set.removeIf(str->(str.length() >= 5));
System.out.println(set);
// Remove All elements
set.removeAll(set);
System.out.println(set);
}
}
Output:
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
[One, Two, Seven]
[One, Two]
[]
There are several ways to traverse the elements of a LinkedHashSet such as:
A LinkedHashSet is an Iterable, so you can use the iterator() method to get an Iterator and then use the hasNext() and next() methods to traverse the elements as we did in the below code.
Similarly, we can also use the for-each loop to traverse the elements of a LinkedHashSet. See the below code.
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
// print all element
set.remove("Three");
System.out.println(set);
// print using the foreach loop
System.out.println("-------Traverse using the foreach loop-------");
for (String el : set) {
System.out.println(el);
}
// print using iterator
System.out.println("----------Traverse using iterator-----------");
for (Iterator iterator = set.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String el = (String) iterator.next();
System.out.println(el);
}
}
}
Output:
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
[One, Two, Seven]
-------Traverse using the foreach loop-------
One
Two
Seven
----------Traverse using iterator-----------
One
Two
Seven
Checking the equality of the set
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
// Create a set
Set<String> set2 = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
if(set.equals(set2)) {
System.out.println("equal");
}else {
System.out.println("not equal");
}
set.add("Ten"); // Updating the first set
if(set.equals(set2)) {
System.out.println("equal");
}else {
System.out.println("not equal");
}
}
}
Output:
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
equal
not equal
In Java, searching for elements in a LinkedHashSet can be done using the contains() method. This method takes an object as a parameter and returns a boolean value indicating whether the set contains the object.
Here is an example of how to search for an element in a LinkedHashSet:
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
// Finding element
String el = "Ten";
boolean result = set.contains(el);
if(result) {
System.out.println(el+" is present in the set");
}else System.out.println(el+" is not present in the set");
result = set.isEmpty(); // check if set is empty
if(result) {
System.out.println("set is empty");
}else System.out.println("set is not empty");
}
}
Output:
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
Ten is not present in the set
set is not empty
In Java, a Spliterator (short for “Splittable Iterator”) is a class that allows for the efficient traversal and partitioning of elements in a collection, such as a List or Set. It is similar to an Iterator, but it can also be split into multiple independent iterators that can be used to traverse the same data in parallel.
In the example below, we used the spliterator() method to create Spliterator and used the forEachRemaining() method to traverse the elements.
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Spliterator;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
// Spliterator
Spliterator<String> spl = set.spliterator();
// Traverse elements
spl.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);
}
}
Output:
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
One
Two
Three
Seven
Since this class implements the set interface, we can use set methods to perform set operations such as retain, contain, etc. For these operations, it provides methods such as retainAll(), and containAll().
package javaexample;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Spliterator;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a set
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Two","Three","One","Seven"));
System.out.println(set);
Set<String> set2 = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("One","Seven"));
// Check Contains all
boolean result = set.containsAll(set2);
if(result) {
System.out.println("It contains set2 elememts");
}else System.out.println("It does not contain set2 elements");
// Check retains all
set.retainAll(set2);
System.out.println(set);
}
}
Output:
[One, Two, Three, Seven]
It contains set2 elememts
[One, Seven]
Conclusion
LinkedHashSet class is the implementation of the set with the insertion order. We can use this class to store data in the natural order. It uses a linked list data structure internally to store data. It provides O(1) time complexity for insertion, search, and deletion operations.
I’m a software programmer having more than 5 years of development experience in Java and related technology. I write technical content as well and love to share the technical knowledge to make it available for all.
This is very important topic in Java. You have explained it very well in easiest way to remember. Happy new year!